Abstract
Addressing global sustainability challenges requires innovative approaches that integrate environmental, economic, and technological solutions. This article explores the sustainable development potential of converting carbon dioxide (CO₂), a major greenhouse gas, into formic acid—a valuable chemical compound used as a freezing agent in the coagulation of natural rubber. The study further delves into the solid-state characteristics of materials involved in this process, emphasizing the distinction between crystalline and amorphous solids. Understanding the atomic arrangement in materials contributes to optimizing coagulation and freezing techniques critical for natural rubber production. This work links CO₂ valorization with advanced material science principles, promoting circular economy and environmental sustainability aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
References
Benson, E. E., Kubiak, C. P., Sathrum, A. J., & Smieja, J. M. (2015). Electrocatalytic and homogeneous approaches to conversion of CO₂ to liquid fuels. Chemical Society Reviews, 38(1), 89–99.
Boddien, A., et al. (2010). Efficient dehydrogenation of formic acid using an iron catalyst. Science, 333(6045), 1733–1736.
Chen, Y., Li, C. W., & Kanan, M. W. (2017). Aqueous CO₂ reduction at very low overpotential on oxide-derived Au nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(4), 19969–19972.
Dinh, C. T., et al. (2018). CO₂ electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science, 360(6390), 783–787.
Hori, Y. (2008). Electrochemical CO₂ reduction on metal electrodes. In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry (pp. 89–189). Springer.
Jessop, P. G., Joó, F., & Tai, C. C. (2012). Recent advances in the homogeneous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 248(21–24), 2425–2442.
Jouny, M., Luc, W., & Jiao, F. (2018). General techno-economic analysis of CO₂ electrolysis systems. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 57(6), 2165–2177.
Kuhl, K. P., Hatsukade, T., Cave, E. R., Abram, D. N., Kibsgaard, J., & Jaramillo, T. F. (2012). Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methane and methanol on transition metal surfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(40), 14107–14113.
Li, X., et al. (2020). MOF-derived catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO₂. ACS Catalysis, 10(6), 4121–4130.
Mou, S., et al. (2021). Single-atom electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction: from fundamental mechanisms to practical applications. Energy & Environmental Science, 14(4), 2060–2080.
Müller, T. E., Arstad, B., & Snøstad, J. (2020). Life Cycle Assessment of CO₂-Based Formic Acid. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120967.
Olah, G. A., Goeppert, A., & Prakash, G. K. S. (2011). Beyond oil and gas: The methanol economy. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527635606.
Qiao, J., Liu, Y., Hong, F., & Zhang, J. (2014). A Review of Catalysts for Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Produce Low-Carbon Fuels and Chemicals. Chemical Society Reviews, 43(2), 631–675. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60323g.
Verma, S., Lu, X., Ma, S., Masel, R. I., & Kenis, P. J. (2019). The effect of electrolyte composition on the electroreduction of CO₂ to CO on Ag based gas diffusion electrodes. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 18(10), 7075–7084.
Verma, S., Kim, B., Jhong, H. R., Ma, S., & Kenis, P. J. (2019). A Gross-Margin Model for Defining Technoeconomic Benchmarks in the Electroreduction of CO₂. ChemSusChem, 9(13), 1972–1979. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600394.
Xia, C., Zhu, P., Jiang, Q., Pan, Y., Liang, W., Stavitsk, E., & Lu, Q. (2022). Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to Formate. Nature Energy, 7, 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00912-5.
Zhang, W., Qin, Q., Dai, L., Zhao, X., Chen, C., & Bao, X. (2020). Highly Selective and Stable Bi Nanosheets for Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂ to Formate. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 59(3), 1333–1339. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201910145.
Zhou, Y., Che, F., Liu, M., Zou, C., Liang, Z., De Luna, P., & Sargent, E. H. (2019). Dopant-Induced Electron Localization in SnO₂ for Efficient CO₂ Electroreduction to Formate. Nature Chemistry, 11(7), 706–713. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-019-0287-7
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Puspita Nurlilasari, Nikolas Ardian Prihantoro